KURDISH PROBLEM IN TURKEY, REFERENCE LIST, RELAVANT LINKS

The Turkish republic founded by M.Kemal Ataturk directly its Establishment and the criterions of its citizenship on the belonging to the "Turkish race". Then, de jure and de facto, to refer oneself from an else ethnical origin is treason. Dissident populations eliminated by massacres or deportations. But the Kurds were the biggest ethnicity and oppression began since the 20s. Some population deported to Turkish regions to stop rebellions that each of them was reprimanded and Eastern Anatolia was forbidden land until 60s.

There were many political fanatic movements from leftwing as well as from rightwing during the 70s which stirred up the country. Scholars thrilled by the war of Vietnam and the Palestine claims. At the same time Kurds were militated by leftwing parties which Turkish and Kurdish members worked together. However, the individuality of PKK (Kurdistan Party Workers) was not its program but still it will support the Kurdish problem in Turkey as a colonialist problem. PKK was founded on 27th of November 1978 in Diyarbakir, which was capital city of Kurdistan, by group of students and Abdullah Ocalan to be a leader of them who was imprisoned at the moment. The actions of PKK were at first political. But after the coup of 1980 that set up a military power and started a hard political repression in Kurdistan, PKK chose to fight as a military organization.

Despite all works from parties and sides Turkey did not change the attitude of the regime concerning the Kurdish problem. Until few years ago,speaking else than Turkish language was forbidden, Kurdish people had no historical or legal existence,and to mention them was a crime of separation The Turkish sociologist Ismail Besikci has been condemned to fifteen years of prison for having mentioned the existence of the Kurds.


The Turkish sociologist Ismail besikci, retrieved 29 sep, 2008, http://www.saradistribution.com/


There were many other things forbidden for Kurds such as, music, book, and TV channels so on and so full. The low economical development of Kurdistan and the rigidity of oppression had nothing done but radicalized the disagreement and all the attempts of a political determination are blocked by the decline of the Turkish political group and the government to permit a "Kurdish problem". The Human Right's associations, syndicates, newspapers and Kurdish parties are steadily repressed murdered, prison or are forbidden. So, five of HADEP MP's are in jail, after one of them, Leyla Zana, spoke in Kurdish in Parliament saying Turks and Kurds are siblings and should be together. And most of their leaders are imprisoned too, as well as thousand of its sympathizers.

The forbidden Kurdish letters and book, retrieved 29 sep, 2008, http://images.google.co.nz

Currently, though PKK gave up claiming self-government and just claims a federalist or autonomist solution, or a democratic creation for Kurds in the Turkish Republic, Turkey is de facto separated between a more residential and democratic Western part and Eastern Anatolia with its emergency law and courts, and its militias. This war of 14 years had made 36.000 victims, whose 20.000 Kurds. 4.000 villages had been destroyed and thousands of villagers of Anatolia crowded in the shantytowns of some Kurdish and Turkish towns as Diyarbakir, Istanbul, Ankara, and Konya. This migration can move the conflict, until nowadays limited to the South-East of Turkey, into the Western metropolis. War is the cause of a serious economic recession and a lot of networks belonging to mafia, profiting to drug connexion, and many scandals had shown kinks between mafia and government. Then it is clear that the Kurdish problem is as a cancer in all the levels of the Turkish society. And with the Kurds' demographic growth, they could become during the next century the most numerous populations in Turkey.

The arrest of Abdullah Öcalan and the well-built protests of the Kurds in the world prove that the Kurdish problem is more than a case of terrorism around a leader, as repeat for many years the Kurdish diplomacy. In fact, the two thousands Kurds of Iran, who had defiled the 20th February 1999 at Teheran, the 4.000 Kurds of Suleimanie in Iraq, the Syrian Kurds who rushed in Lebanon for a demonstration, the Kurds of the Diaspora who had began a series of actions in the world are not all members or sympathizers of PKK. Western diplomacy must be aware of the importance of the Kurdish problem and the serious consequences that it could have in the future of the near and the Middle East. The Kurdish problem will be probably one of the most essential and one of the most dangerous of the 21th century.

Alexie, S. (1999). The Kurdish problem or the future of the Middle East.

Website: http://www.ofkparis.org/english/kurdish-problem.htm

REFERENCE LIST

Abramowitz, M. (2007). How to save Iraqi Kurditan from itself.Foreign Policy

Website: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3910.

Caqaptay, S. (2007). Everybody's Kurdish Problem. The WashingtonInstitute for Near East Policy.

Website: http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1106

Dyer, G. (2008). How saying the right words can save lives. TheNew Zealand Herald

Webasite:http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm

Kilercioglu, O. (2005). What Kurdish problem?. Turkish Daily News.

Website:http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=22143

Popham, P. (2007). Who are the PKK, could they drive Turkey into theIraq conflict and what does the US think. The New Zealand Herald

Website:http://www.nzherald.co.nz/crime/news/article.cfm?

Turgut, P. (2007). Behind Turkey's Kurdish Problem. Time partners with CNN.

Website:http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1675165,00.html

Zengin, N. (2008). After 24 years of Violence, The Kurdish Problemis still not solved.

Website: http://www.bianet.org/english/kategori/english/109063/

Zoefpf, K. (2005). Roots of Kurdish problem. Syria Comments. Blood and Belief.

Website: http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/.

No auther. http://www.kurdishaspect.com/doc051508TZ.html

No auther.http://www.pr-usa.net/index.php?option=com

RELAVANT LINKS

After destroy of Halepce, city of Kurdistan of Iraq

http://nz.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVxqy1P5eYw

The Kurdish Problem in Iran

http://www.caucaz.com/home_eng/breve_contenu.php?id=182

The Kurdish Problem in Turkey on the news

http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/blog/2007/apr/13/thekurdishpro

Solution to Kurdish problem

http://www.institutkurde.org/en/info/1216912840.html